Bhagat Singh (1907–1931) was an iconic Indian revolutionary who became a martyr for India’s independence struggle. Born in Punjab, British India (now Pakistan), he joined the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA), advocating armed resistance against colonial rule. In 1928, seeking revenge for the death of nationalist leader Lala Lajpat Rai after a police baton charge, Singh and associates mistakenly killed British officer John Saunders instead of intended target James Scott. They also killed Indian constable Channan Singh during their escape. In 1929, Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt bombed the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi, aiming to protest repressive laws. Arrested, Singh used his trial to promote revolutionary ideals and staged a 116-day hunger strike demanding better prison conditions, gaining nationwide sympathy.
Convicted in the Lahore Conspiracy Case, Singh was hanged at 23 in 1931. His execution galvanized anti-colonial sentiment, transforming him into a folk hero. Despite Gandhi’s nonviolent stance, Singh’s radicalism challenged mainstream methods, earning admiration across political spectrums.
Memorials like the Hussainiwala National Martyrs Memorial honor his legacy. Voted “Greatest Indian” in 2008, Singh remains a symbol of youthful rebellion and sacrifice. His critique of oppression and advocacy for socialist ideals continue to inspire movements worldwide, cementing his status as a pivotal figure in India’s fight for freedom.